Chapter+2+Motion

=**Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension** = =By Liz Einig :)= =Vocabulary = **Dynamics**: the study of motion and physical concepts such as force and mass **Kinematics**: the part of dynamics that describes motion without regard to its causes **Geocentric Model**: ancient model of the solar system in which placed Earth at the center of the universe **Heliocentric Model**: Copernicus' model of the solar system in which Earth and other planets revolve in circular orbits around the Sun **Frame of Reference**: a choice of coordinate axes that defines the starting point for measuring any quantity **Displacement**: an object's change in position **Vector Quantity**: a quantity with both magnitude and direction **Scalar Quantity**: a quantity with magnitude, but no direction **Average Speed**: total distance traveled divided by total time elapsed **Average Velocity**: similar to average speed, but a vector rather than a scalar quantity **Position vs. Time Graph:** plots the position of an object against time; slope of line = average velocity **Instantaneous Velocity**: speed and direction of an object at a particular instant **Acceleration**: the changing of an object's velocity with time **Instantaneous Acceleration**: acceleration of an object at a particular instant <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Velocity vs. Time Graph**: plots the velocity of an object against time; slope of tangent line = instantaneous acceleration <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Motion Diagram**: representation of a moving object at successive time intervals <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Free-fall Acceleration**: acceleration value of an object in free fall; =-9.8 m/s^2 =<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">**Equations** =

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 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 190%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Example Problems **

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman',times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">1. Between classes, Bobby walks from a point 1 meter in front of his locker to his physics

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman',times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">class 46 meters from his locker. What is his displacement? <span style="font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; font-size: 210%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">2. Starting from rest, Bobby walks this distance in a time of 13 seconds. What is Bobby's

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">velocity, assuming it is constant? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 190%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">3. A rocket-driven sled can attain a speed of 358 m/s in 1.7 seconds starting from rest.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">What is the acceleration of the sled, assuming it is constant?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 190%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">4. Jon Blinn starts down a hill on a bike at speed of 5m/s. He accelerates at a rate of 1.8m/s^2, and reaches the bottom of the hill in a time of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">6.4 seconds. What is his final velocity? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">5. A car turns on to a road at a velocity of 35 m/s. It travels on the road for 10.2 seconds, ending at a velocity of 42 m/s. What is the car's

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">total displacement?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">6. Using the information from problem 4, what is Jon Blinn's total displacement when he reaches the bottom of the hill? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">7. Beginning at rest, Bishop swims one length of the pool (25 m) accelerating at a rate of 0.4 m/s^2. What is his final velocity? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">a. instantaneous velocity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">b. average acceleration <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">c. average velocity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">d. instantaneous acceleration <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">a. Aristotle <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">b. Plato <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">c. Copernicus <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">d. Bohr <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">a. Magnitude <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">b. Direction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">c. Both magnitude and direction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">d. Neither magnitude nor direction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">a. average velocity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">b. instantaneous acceleration <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">c. average acceleration <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">d. instantaneous velocity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">a. -9.8 m/s <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">b. 9.8 m/s^2 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">c. 9.8 m/s <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">d. -9.8 m/s^2
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 190%;">Questions **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">1. Which value can be found by determining the slope of a position vs. time graph? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">2. Who first explained the solar system using the heliocentric model? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">3. A scalar quantity has which of the following? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">4. Which value is found by determining the slope of the tangent line on a velocity vs. time graph? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">5. What is the value of free-fall acceleration on earth? **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">Answers: C, C, A, B, D